How to measure the actual power output of an ultrasonic cleaner?

When there is a lack of professional instruments, the following phenomena can be used to assist in determining whether the power of the ultrasonic cleaning machine is "on the scale":
1. Observe the cavitation intensity:
Aluminum foil erosion method:
Take a shiny aluminum foil (such as kitchen tin foil, about 10x10cm), hang it vertically and immerse it in clean water in the cleaning tank.
Turn on the ultrasound and run for 1-3 minutes.
Observation: When the power is sufficient and evenly distributed, dense and uniform pits or even perforations will appear on the surface of the aluminum foil. When the power is insufficient or unevenly distributed, the erosion effect is weak or uneven.

2. Visual observation:
Observe the cavitation phenomenon in clear water in a well lit area. At sufficient power, a large number of dense, continuous, and vigorously churning small bubbles (cavitation bubble clouds) should be visible, accompanied by a clear and audible "hissing" sound. When the power is insufficient, the bubbles are sparse and weak.
Water temperature rise test (to be interpreted with caution):
Principle: Most of the ultrasonic energy is ultimately converted into thermal energy.
Method: At a fixed ambient temperature, add a certain amount of clean water (such as 5L) to the tank, only turn on ultrasound (turn off heating), and record the initial water temperature. Run for 30 or 60 minutes and record the increase in water temperature.
Interpretation: For rough reference only! The greater the power, the more heat is generated per unit time, and the faster the water temperature rises. But the heating rate is greatly affected by environmental temperature, tank insulation, and water temperature itself. Comparing different machines under the same conditions is meaningful. Experience value: Pure ultrasonic operation, machines with hundreds of watts of power may experience temperature rise ranging from a few degrees to tens of degrees per hour.

3. Professional tool: sonic detector
Principle: Measure the intensity (sound intensity) of ultrasonic waves propagating in liquid.
Method: Dip a professional sound intensity probe into different positions of the cleaning tank working solution (especially in the corners and bottom center), and measure the sound intensity value (unit: W/cm ²).
Advantages: It directly reflects the distribution of cavitation intensity in the groove.
Disadvantages: The instrument is expensive and mainly used by manufacturers or professional laboratories.